To accomplish this task, I will examine both the validity, and the soundness, of Anselm’s premises. To this end, Anselm moves on to give an example of how something can exist in the mind and in reality. The example of a painter is brought forward by Anselm. (Interested readers are referred to Sobel 1987, Anderson1990, Adams 1995b, and Hazen 1999 for the history of these arguments,and for the scholarly annotations and emend… We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. In order to demonstrate that Anselm’s argument is indeed adequate for establishing the necessary existence of the Greatest Conceivable Being, objections to the argument must first be examined and then refuted. Moreover, Anselm’s argument was shown to be a valid argument, with a conclusion that follows from the premises. Anselm states that even this fool, “when he hears of this being of which I speak – a being-than-which-nothing- greater-can-be-thought – understands what he hears, and what he understands is in his understanding; although he does not understand it to actually exist” (Anselm 15). Before a painter creates a picture, claims Anselm, he has an understanding of what the painting will look like in his mind. Ontological Argument For God's Existence Essay. Ontological Argument. 2. Moreover, a perfect island presumably has an abundance of lush trees and pristine beaches. Utilizing the idea that if a being exists only in understanding then a greater being exists, Anselm reaches the conclusion that a greater being than God can be conceived. The only critical difference between Anselm’s argument and Gaunilo’s argument is the use of the perfect-island in place of God. These theories are the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, and the teleological argument. Gaunilo contends that it is only the definition of “a-concept-than-which-nothing-greater-can-be-conceived” that allows Anselm and himself to prove the existence of God and the perfect-island respectively. The ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. This obviously raises questions regarding whether or not this argument works. Following the logic in his argument, this essay will establish that the ontological proof is a valid argument. The ontological argument has proved to be a constant source of fascination for philosophers, all the way down through the ages since its first statement by Saint Anselm, ... For the purposes of this essay, I will focus on Plantinga’s formulation of his argument in … A look at theologist Anselm’s ontological argument for God’s existence which has been debated for almost a thousand years. Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. The ontological argument is clearly logically valid—that is to say, the conclusion necessarily follows provided that Premises 1 to 5 are true. At first glance, the ontological argument seems a bit odd: is it really possible to argue God exists by just using defintiions and philosophical ideas? The ontological argument from Anselm and Descartes, and challenges to it from Gaunilo and Kant For medieval theologians, the existence of God was a "given" - there was no need to debate it. These arguments havebeen discussed, annotated and amended by various leading logicians:the upshot is a family of arguments with impeccable logicalcredentials. Extracts from this document... Introduction. In order to show this, the individual premises of the ontological argument must be evaluated. The concept of the perfect island is therefore flawed, causing Gaunilo’s objection to be adequate to impair Anselm’s ontological argument. Praise for Peped “I’m just so grateful without your site I would have crumbled this year” SC (Teacher) Essentially, Anselm’s premises can be construed as such: According to chapter two of Writing Philosophy, a valid argument is “an argument that has a form such that if it’s premises were true, it’s conclusion would be too.”. One of the most fascinating arguments for the existence of an all-perfect God is the ontological argument. Therefore, Anselm's ontological argument is convincing, despite Gaunilo's objections, and is adequate for establishing the necessary existence of the Greatest Conceivable Being. This is incompatible since if God is omnipotent, then he should be able to create a being with free will; if he is omniscient, then he should know exactly what such a being will do (thus rendering them without free will). Instead, it seeks to prove God’s existence using essence. Graham Oppy, who elsewhere expressed the view that he “see[s] no urgent reason” to depart from the tradit… They attempt to show that we can deduce God’s existence from, so to speak, the very definition of God. The Ontological Argument was, and still is, a hot-topic for debate among philosophers; many famous philosophers have published criticisms of the theory including Immanuel Kant and St. Thomas Aquinas. Anselm declares that it is one thing for an object to exist in the mind, yet another to understand that it actually exists. In this essay I shall describe Anselm’s ontological argument and look at how it may prove Gods existence. The word "ontology" is a Greek word relating to the concept of being. The ontological argument itself therefore an a priori argumen The argument sees no reason for attempts to prove the existence of God using empirical approaches. I will now move on to offering a critical assessment of Anselm’s ontological argument. Using a similar argument as Anselm, Gaunilo has shown that the perfect-island must exist in both the mind and in reality for the same reasons that God must exist in the mind and reality. However, there is no defined maximum number of trees or beaches that an island could possibly have; for any one conceivable island, there is another, even-more -perfect-island with one more exotic fruit tree and one more white sandy beach. The arguments attempt to prove God's existence from the meaning of the word God. Ontological Argument One of the most fascinating arguments for the existence of an all-perfect God is the ontological argument.Ontological arguments are arguments to prove the existence of God based on pure reason alone. The argument is also a deductive and analytic argument. Reference this. Outline the Ontological argument for the existence of God and consider the view that, while it may strengthen a believer's faith, it has no value for the non-believer. Tutors and online course available now. As a result, we can see that Anselm’s ontological argument is both valid, and sound, from an examination of it’s premises. One of the more potent objections to Anselm’s ontological argument is that of the monk Gaunilo. In order to prove the existence of God, Anselm adopts the fool’s position for his A priori argument. Looking for a flexible role? In this paper I will argue that Anselm’s ontological argument for the existence of God is indeed adequate for establishing the necessary existence of the Greatest Conceivable Being. I will then discuss why I believe it is a better account for the existence of god than the teleological argument and the cosmological argument. (The word ‘ontological’ comes from ‘ontology’, the study of (-ology) of what exists or ‘being’ (ont).) Ontological Argument. ����~����w�QkIj��� �;��M4ݦw���A��[�kI�u ;�&����O�#'�/gg���*=`��s�J�����Ego���d����e/�=4'gLF���)��������4I���>����q�:�`�n�Ǟ���؁u�y��݄�^��a�� �,��!9�σ0 The word "ontology" is a Greek word relating to the concept of being. According to the argument, there is no need to wander around looking for physical evidence of the existence of God; we can easily work out that he exists just by thinking about it. Tutors and online course available now. You can view samples of our professional work here. One of Anselm's own 11th-century opponents named Guanilo, in his work "On Behalf of the Fool,"2argued this point, using the example of proving "the great… Ontological arguments, by their nature attempt to prove the existence of God using deductive reasoning to a point of logical necessity. The ontological argument itself therefore an a priori argument that argues the existence of God by saying that He must necessarily exist. critism summary and response national honors society civil rights courage response vietnam war advertisement my hero domestic violence expository essay civil disobedience hero definition personal experiences fsu. If we do not accept the definition, then we are not able to proceed to evaluate the rest of the argument. to. � �}��ƒ���w�(8��="G��˚�x|����L����[m��aS�(� y�]������k�GɓlUu7٤ȹzb��aK�kuuݻؼ��×ǧ?�z�F�88�w_}0�s$����Oُ�I’�Dtk�8K6��W���{��a?�p]l,kS)�Lb���:3���V���m,�o�c�X$�8d��E��+��q0�|�I���cM�����{�o��#�P����D�|��D�"������8��\�z-��W������������9B��yW�^ԟ��W=�r���G�����j��lxݤ#)��Uv��޿��P$��|�8��o�X�����_�n���x�F���+�n �a2r���X&�@���HdtkT$����b1��BjQ,�Y������ ����C)��D�X��Wށ熰�'~6�҆M��~B�u��j�z�hx;��t6 �_�_@�n��7v�S��S��ݰ|��e�̓���������tk�;�i�k�w�b�g�(N�W�����''��@d���˺��ǃ���A2��F���ME��4�)�n�gNh����qO�A"�e? To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on the UKDiss.com website then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Anselm’s case is essentially that because the definition of God is not in question, “the fool” must be mistaken in assuming that God only exists as a concept. By reaching this conclusion, Anslem is trying to show that if one understands God to be the Greatest Conceivable Being and only exist in understanding as a concept, but not reality, then the conclusion opposes the premises. Similar to the ontological argument, the cosmological argument, also known as the first cause argument, is a classical argument for the existence of God. This obviously raises questions regarding whether or not this argument works. In this essay it shall be discussed whether there are any arguments which work to prove the existence of God. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Anselm begins his argument by introducing “the fool”, a reference to Psalms 53:1. Philosophy The more of these that an island has, the better the island would conceivably be. I will also defend Anselm’s argument by demonstrating that objections to Anselm’s argument are unconvincing. The ontological argument itself therefore an a priori argumen Part 1: Apologetics for Everyone Part 2: The Cosmological Arguments. The teleological and cosmological arguments shall be first discussed, criticised by showing their reliance on the ontological argument, which shall then be shown to be an inadequate argument. A look at theologist Anselm’s ontological argument for God’s existence which has been debated for almost a thousand years. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attempts the method of a priori … a%���8�N KN�M��; ��guѭ5Tn�(v&�H� ���@���[:s�{�'�B�8�`�`. The Ontological Argument was, and still is, a hot-topic for debate among philosophers; many famous philosophers have published criticisms of the theory including Immanuel Kant and St. Thomas Aquinas. To assert this point Anselm argues, “For if [The Greatest Conceivable Being] exists solely in the mind alone, it can be thought of to exist in reality as well, which is greater” (Anselm 15). In order to do so, a condensed form of Anselm’s argument is required. Secondly, premise B] is sound because existence of such a being is logically possible. This argument is very important for religious believers, but has come under criticism from those who do not believe who say that it is flawed. Explain the reasoning of the Ontological argument as a proof for the existence of God. This essay was submitted by one of my students. The ontological argument is an a priori argument which means it does not rely on our senses and experiences but on reason. In conclusion, Anselm’s logical a priori ontological argument is adequate for establishing the necessary existence of the Greatest Conceivable Being. Study for free with our range of university lectures! Search Pages. This error becomes apparent when considering what the nature of a perfect island would be. More info . VAT Registration No: 842417633. However, as Gaunilo’s objection illustrates, conceptualizing alone does not proof existence in reality. Ontological argument, Argument that proceeds from the idea of God to the reality of God.It was first clearly formulated by St. Anselm in his Proslogion (1077–78); a later famous version is given by René Descartes.Anselm began with the concept of God as that than which nothing greater can be conceived. My focus will be on Gaunilo’s objection to Anselm’s argument. An ontological argument is a philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence of God.Such arguments tend to refer to the state of being or existing.More specifically, ontological arguments are commonly conceived a priori in regard to the organization of the universe, whereby, if such organizational structure is true, God must exist. I will now move onto a refutation of Gaunilo’s objection to Anselm’s ontological argument. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? The ontological argument was first devised in 1078 by St Anselm, then the Archbishop of Canterbury in part two and three of his book The Proslogian. This is not to say that Anselm’s definition of God is a controversial one, indeed it is a commonly accepted monotheistic interpretation of the nature of God (Mark C. Smith, January 18th Lecture). In fact, many secular philosophers have conceded that the Modal Ontological Argument (the version of the argument under consideration in this article) holds up under even the … Anselm: Ontological Argument for God’s Existence. The objection raised by Gaunilo is that the same logical reasoning used by Anselm to prove God’s existence can be used to prove things certain do not exist. Anselm next defines God as a being-than-which-nothing-greater-can-be-conceived. However, unlike the ontological argument, it derives the conclusion that God exists from a posterior premise (with evidence), as it is based on what can be seen in the world and the universe. To exist in reality and in the understanding is greater than to exist in the understanding alone. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. 1.3.1 Then you have to agree or disagree with it. There is nothing to suggest that Anselm’s argument is invalid. Anselm does not believe that this conclusion is accurate, however, stating that it is “obviously impossible”. The ontological argument St Anselm and Descartes both famously presented an ontological argument for the existence of God. A defense of the ontological argument Daniel Andrews In this essay I will first explain the ontological argument and my reasons for choosing it. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! The ontological argument is often laughed off by Christians and atheists alike, but when seriously engaged has proven more difficult to shoot down than it initially appears. The ontological argument assumes the definition of God purported by classical theism: that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect. As a result, if Anselm’s method of reasoning is deemed appropriate, then Gaunilo’s must be appropriate as well. To qualify for the discount, you must have paid at least 50% of your order cost by 23:59 on Wednesday 3rd of December 2020 (UTC/GMT). The Ontological Argument. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. A sound argument is one which is both valid and contains true premises (Chapter 2, Writing Philosophy). Explain the reasoning of the Ontological argument as a proof for the existence of God. Describe Platinga's version of the ontological argument. The ontological argument was introduced by Anselm of Canterbury in his book Proslogion. According to Gaunilo, if one accepts Anselm’s argument as being valid, one must accept the similar perfect-island argument as being valid as well. P rofessional philosophers commonly regard the Ontological Argument as the best single logical argument in favor of God’s existence. Essay Most people have not witnessed or experienced God and therefore are confused about its existence. The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The ontological argument is an a priori argument. Essentially, Anselm makes the claim that even “the fool” is forced to concede that the concept of the Greatest Conceivable Being exists in the mind, because he has been told of it. Praise for Peped “I’m just so grateful without your site I would have crumbled this year” SC (Teacher) Anselm’s Ontological Argument Saint Anselm of Aosta, Bec, and Canterbury, perhaps during a moment of enlightenment or starvation-induced hallucination, succeeded in formulating an argument for God’s existence which has been debated for almost a thousand years. Words. Anselm’s conclusion that God exists in reality logically follows the premises, given their soundness and validity. In order to accomplish this, I will argue that Anselm’s premises are sound, and that his conclusion rightfully follows his premises. Finally, Anselm’s assertion that “to exist in reality and in the understanding is greater than to exist in the understanding alone” is necessarily sound by our acceptance of his definition of God. Essay on Anselm’s Ontological Argument 1217 Words | 5 Pages. ontological argument Essay Examples. Starting from the dictate of faith or a general universal belief, he is able to construct his proof of God’s existence. I will then go on to look at criticisms of the argument from both Gaunilo and Kant to see if they can show that the argument does not work and if not, why not. Promotion runs from 00:01am to 11:59pm (GMT/UTC) on the 30th November 2020. Therefore, Anselm’s ontological argument is convincing, despite Gaunilo’s objections, and is adequate for establishing the necessary existence of the Greatest Conceivable Being. Ontological Argument Essay 1025 Words | 5 Pages. Gaunilo puts forth this objection when he argues about the existence of the “Lost Island”, a conceivable perfect island. By accepting premise A], as we must in order to evaluate the argument, we must concede this it is necessarily greater for God to exist in reality. In fact, many secular philosophers have conceded that the Modal Ontological Argument (the version of the argument under consideration in this article) holds up under even the … Therefore. Both arguments would appear to valid since if the premises are true then both conclusions must be true. Outline the Ontological argument for the existence of God and consider the view that, while it may strengthen a believer's faith, it has no value for the non-believer. Here is a model essay in answer to the question ‘To what extent is the ontological argument successful in proving God’s existence’. Gaunilo’s proof of the perfect island follows the same logical reasoning as Anselm’s. Provided that the premises are sound, the conclusion does indeed follow. A sound argument is one which is both valid and contains true premises (Chapter 2, Writing Philosophy). An infinitely large island, however, is impossible. In order to show this, the individual premises of the ontological argument must be evaluated. Tutoring and Online Course for A level students, with both content and training in A grade writing skills. Anselm does not believe the fool’s position to be correct, but uses it to show that if God exists in understanding, or the mind, then He must exist in reality. There are various systems and arguments for proving God’s existence; created by a plethora of theologists, psychologists, and philosophers, but I will be focusing on one: The Ontological Argument for God’s existence. Anselm’s Ontological Argument Saint Anselm of Aosta, Bec, and Canterbury, perhaps during a moment of enlightenment or starvation-induced hallucination, succeeded in formulating an argument for God’s existence which has been debated for almost a thousand years. 1st Jan 1970 The argument appears logically valid, in that its conclusion does follow properly from its premises. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. It is an A* essay and uses Anselm, Descartes, Malcolm with challenges from Gaunilo, Kant and Hume. Gaunilo raised an objection to the ontological argument on the grounds that Anselm’s argument can be altered to prove the existence of any concept simply by using the definition that the concept is greater than all other concepts which can be conceived. Their versions of the argument are slightly different, but The ontological argument assumes the definition of God proposed by classical theism: that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent. The premises of Anselm’s ontological argument were demonstrated to be sound when examined in the context of Anselm’s definition of the Greatest Conceivable Being. As the philosophy of Aristotle, and his Muslim commentators, was introduced into the universities, it was seen as a threat to traditional Christian belief. There is a small, but steadily growing, literature on the ontologicalarguments which Gödel developed in his notebooks, but which didnot appear in print until well after his death. The ontological argument is an a priori argument that attempts to prove God’s existence based purely on reason. All work is written to order. Ontological Argument Essay 1025 Words | 5 Pages. Before I begin my argument I will reconstruct the a priori ontological argument put forward by Anselm to prove the existence of the Greatest Conceivable. Therefore, Anselm reaches the conclusion that God must exist in both concept and in reality. Ontological arguments, by their nature attempt to prove the existence of God using deductive reasoning to a point of logical necessity. What is Malcolm's version of the ontological argument, and how does it counter Kant's criticism? *You can also browse our support articles here >, God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived. While the ontological argument has been the subject of fierce criticism by many contemporary philosophers, many of the criticisms of it result from a failure to properly understand the argument. As a result, there is no island than-which no-greater-can-be-conceived – the more trees and more beaches that are conceived, the more perfect the island would be. This fool “has said that in his heart, [that] there is no God”, or denying the existence of God. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. Top Tag’s. 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