Many features won't work correctly, and functionality can't be guaranteed. Powell was working on a Titan II missile fitted with a thermonuclear warhead, tucked away underground in Damascus, Arkansas. Once clear of the silo, the second stage exploded. The blast and thermal effects within a dozen miles or so of each of these silo's will be deadly, and the fallout radiation will . locate The explosion scattered debris across 400 acres of farmland. Back in September 1980, September 18, Jeff Plumb climbed into his pickup and headed toward the nuclear missile silo near a tiny town in Arkansas called Damascus. Tom Dillard is a historian and retired archivist living near Glen Rose in rural Hot Spring County. Arkansas, and involved the missile exploding after the first-stage Aerozine fuel tank was punctured by a tool which fell from a maintenance platform near the top of the missile. To this day, those Titan II targets remain classified, he said. During the Cold War, Arkansas played a role in the protection of the nation by housing a series of intercontinental ballistic missiles across otherwise peaceful farmland. In a Sept. 12, 2014 photo, Teri Kramer points out an escape hatch over from www.washingtontimes.com. Three of the Arkansas launch sites--in White, Van Buren, and Faulkner counties--have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. "So you work on things when you can. The United States built many missile silos in the Midwest, away from populated areas. They were simple-looking white canisters. A piece of Cold War history is now available as an Airbnbproperty. The missile could launch in 60 seconds, without the cumbersome raising and fueling procedures the Atlas and Titan I models required. The rental space is inside what was once the crew quarters and missile launch control center. Originally, the launch control center had standard steps to reach multiple levels. Our destination in the vicinity of this sleepy little town was an enormous subterranean Dvina missile silo complex, once the home of R-12 medium-range ballistic missiles (NATO designation: SS-4 Sandal) of the Soviet nuclear arsenal. One of the strangest things about the master suite is the domed concrete ceiling. In 1965, a civilian welder working on upgrades in an Arkansas silo accidentally hit a hydraulic line, causing a fire that killed 53 of the 55 workers there that day. The team started running the procedure for readying the missile for liftoff. Construction on the Minuteman II structures began in 1946. His 4-year-old great-granddaughter held the calf in the passenger seat, trying to hug it back to . The first missile silo was listed in november 2019 for $395,000, and sold for $420,000. Feeling very unwelcome we decided to try reaching Limon, Colorado, before dark. The 18 Arkansas Titan II sites were a third of the total Titan II fleet in service from 1963 until 1984. You can see the locations of all silos on the ICBM History page. Livingston lay amid the rubble of the launch duct for some time before security personnel located and evacuated him. The military continued to use Titan rockets as part of its intercontinental ballistic missile program through the 1980s, and this was not the only dramatic incident involving them. Say what? Reports in the Arkansas Gazette described the devastation: "The inside of the 155-foot-deep silo was reduced to rubble and its concrete doors which weigh 740 tons were blown to pieces. The control room space sits on level two of an internal, solid steel birdcage structure. The Titan II, on the other hand, had a longer range and could be used for defense as well as for the nations nascent space program. Extremist groups like to destroy cities. Soviet Ukraine held around one-third of the U.S.S.R.'s nuclear arsenal, most of . "People who stay here do so willingly, and they have a blast.". If you would like to republish please give the photographer appropriate credit. Its worth it, I promise. King remembers sitting on the hood of a sheriffs car, aimlessly slipping his shoes on and off. Taxi from niagara falls ny to canada. After the missiles were retired, they were again used as space launchcraft until the last one was launched in 2003. A compilation of platforms and weapons, the three legs of the U.S. nuclear triad serve as the backbone of America's national security. View of the nose of a Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile sitting in its 150-foot deep underground launch pad at McConnell Air Force Base near Wichita, Kansas, circa 1965. [7][8], Livingston died at the hospital, and 21 others in the immediate vicinity of the blast sustained various injuries; Kennedy struggled with respiratory issues from inhaling oxidizer but survived. The site is also booked for a wedding later this year. Suddenly the flies began to land on everything and in the process they flew by the hundreds into the back of our SUV. Missile Site 8 in Green Valley, Arizona, is a national historic landmark and the home of the Titan Missile Museum. The most common sites have been the . Not that the Air Force was sharing that information. [8][17], Jeff Plumb's account of his role in the incident was featured in a 2017 episode of WBEZ's This American Life. Mark Christ set the stage: "Senior Airman David Livingston and Sergeant Jeff K. Kennedy then entered the launch complex early on the morning of Sept. 19 to get readings on airborne fuel concentrations, which they found to be at their maximum. Theres a real risk right now. Titan Ranch, located just northeast of Conway, Arkansas, is one of these nuclear missile bases. While these missiles were retired in 1987, the company that made them, Martin-Marietta (by then Lockheed Martin) took them back and reconditioned them for space use. For a minute, it was the same deal as an A-bomb. But Peters realized it wasnt a nuclear explosion, because he had time to think. (By comparison, the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima was around 15 kilotons, and the one dropped on Nagasaki was around 21 kilotons. Phew!We decided not to drive 14 hours back to Rapid City as we did on the trip down, but to stop about half way and spend the night. Ten years ago, Hill purchased the site that Titan Ranch sits on. It is eerie to see military vehicles and military personnel going to and from these scary silos in the middle of wheat country. Sound good? And around 3:05 a.m., all hell broke loose, he tells Popular Mechanics. The countdown to launch started and thenright before the signal to ignite the rocket would have been givenit was stopped. A 1961 decommissioned Atlas-F intercontinental ballistic missile silo complex is for sale. You may know that theres an Air Force base there. Had the Cold War ever turned hot, it was capable of being launched in one minute and could deliverits 9 megaton warhead to a target 9,000 miles away. The two airmen had just left the missile silo to await further orders when the rocket exploded at 3 a.m. The chances of all this happening were so remote, David Stumpf, the author of .css-3wjtm9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-3wjtm9:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Titan II: A History of a Cold War Missile Program, tells Popular Mechanics. Air Force personnel were evacuated, and a civilian evacuation soon followed as concerns grew that the empty fuel tank could collapse and bring the rest of the rocket and missile down on top of it. They were Titan II missile silos that housed nuclear weapons on a Gemini rocket, designed to be launched into space in under one minute. Offer subject to change without notice. 75) of Scorpion is largely based on this event. When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik into space in 1957, it made the idea of long-range nuclear bombers obsolete. By then, a lot of the documents detailing just how bad the incident wasand how close wed come before to accidental nuclear explosions had been declassified. The film was broadcast by PBS as part of its American Experience series. "So this is purposefully, 'Hey, you're not in a missile silo.' A missile took 15 minutes to launch and had to be fueled with a highly flammable mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen. Like us on Facebook to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. The first Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) silos arrived on the Great Plains in 1959 when Atlas sites were constructed in Wyoming. He's the author of two books, and his byline has appeared in Deadspin, Jalopnik, CityLab and POLITICO, among other places. The land is now under private ownership. They were situated in north-central Arkansas to ensure ready access to Little Rock Air Force Base, where the 308th Strategic Missile Wing coordinated the work in Arkansas. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. Moving down from level two is the kitchen and entertainment space on level one. The facility's master bedroom, on Level 1, features a king-sizedbed and remote controlled fireplace. Tim Giago, an Oglala Lakota, is the editor and publisher of Native Sun News. "It was designed to remain intact enough to retaliate if necessary.". The missile base I visited, Foxtrot-01, is right there on Google Maps. Jan 14, 2020. The facility was one of 18 underground Titan II missile silos in Arkansas that helped formthe backbone of the United States' nuclear arsenal from the 1960s until the 1980s. He called the station, and word spread. which pertains to intellectual property restrictions (e.g., copyright and His book Children Left Behind was awarded the Bronze Medal by Independent Book Publishers. Nobodys saying its from that, but nobody else in my family has a thyroid condition.. The likely missile field, comprising 120 silos that could potentially house weapons capable of reaching the United States mainland, was documented by researchers at the James Martin Center for . Its safety features prevented any loss of radioactive material or nuclear detonation. Amazingly, we all slept wonderfully. "That's one of the very few things about the Titan IIs that remain classified," he said. Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). Using decades-old U.S. Air Force training footage, re-enactments and drone . The first ICBMs, called Atlas, were ready by 1959 and deployed at air force bases around the nation. Early in the morning of Friday, September 19, a two-man PTS investigation team consisting of Senior Airman David Lee Livingston and Sergeant Jeff K. Kennedy entered the silo. He saw the explosion, and he told the New York Times his first thought was, It kind of reminded me of the old days. The first Titan II missile in Arkansas was installed in a silo near Searcy in 1963. "Some people get a little nervous down here. The story behind Colorado's Minuteman missiles and the people at the controls. During the next year, the other 18 missile silos in central arkansas received icbms, and jan. 5 megaton hydrogen bomb and was likely a target of the soviet nuclear arsenal. The Air Force also chose two other states to site Titan II missiles: Arizona and Kansas. 2023 Atlas Obscura. It was the loudest explosion Id ever heard in my lifebefore or since, Devlin says. While I wouldnt recommend this for small children, its certainly a bucket list-worthy experience for adults and older children. GT has renovated the second level to be a multipurpose space, complete with projectors, a sound system, party lights, multiple whiteboards, and tables and chairs if needed. The situation was critical. Check out the other articles in the series: The demon core that killed two scientists, missing nuclear warheads, the bombs that fell on North Carolina, and the underground test that didnt stay that way. At around 6:30 p.m. CDT on Thursday, September 18, 1980, two airmen from a Propellant Transfer System (PTS) team were checking the pressure on the oxidizer tank of a USAF Titan II missile at Little Rock AFB's Launch Complex 374-7. "This whole facility was designed to shake to survive in case of war," Hill said. But it doesn't come cheap at $600 a night but only if you can . So the Titans stayed in placeand demonstrated time and again their peril. The fire started whena high-pressure hydraulic line was cut by anoxyacetylene torch. This post was published on the now-closed HuffPost Contributor platform. The first U.S. intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), like the Atlas and the Titan I, were cryogenically fueled, relying on substances like liquid oxygen, which had to be kept cold. The blast completely destroyed the silo and sent the 750-ton silo door . Workers from . Dig for Fossils in Northeast Texas. All rights reserved. Rachel Silva, who organized the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program's history walk Sept. 12, shows a photo of a typical missile control room during a tour on the site of the 1980 missile . If we hadnt been ordered off, we would have stayed, Ayala says. It was used for the Gemini project, which launched men like Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Jim Lovell into space in the 1960s. Frustrated, Mondale had to call Secretary of Defense Harold Brown and pull rank, saying, Goddammit, Harold, Im the vice president of the United States, to find out it was, in fact, carrying a nuclear warhead. 5 Specifications. The second airmen survived his injuries, while 21 others suffered injuries from the blast and following rescue operation and cleanup. If the Soviets had missiles, then the Americans needed them, too. He was the first Native American ever inducted into the South Dakota Newspaper Hall of Fame in 2007. He Ended Up With A Titan Ii Missile Silo That Was Decommissioned In Spring Of 1986. How far is it from Rockyford to Limon? "Basically, what your smart phone can do today, the bottom floor of the launch control center did back then," Hill said. The missile not only survived the explosion in 1965, it was the same missile which exploded in 1980 near Damascus. The nitrogen tetroxide is kept in a second tank in the rocket's first stage, directly above the fuel tank and below the second stage and its nine-megaton W-53 nuclear warhead. John Hooks Well, first we got to dig into how they got here in the first place. An airman dropped a wrench socket and it fell 80 feet and pierced the thin skin of the rockets first stage fuel tank. Greg Devlin and his wife, Annette, in 1980. I have a thyroid condition, Ayala says. Because their vapor detectors indicated an explosive atmosphere, the two were ordered to evacuate. What you may not know is that at one time, there were 18 ICBM (intercontinental nuclear missile) silos surrounding the Little Rock area. Robert Rhodus, the test conductor for the company that had built the missile, watched in fascination as the elevator, carrying a missile fully loaded with propellants, plummeted to the bottom of the silo, Stumpf writes. Cleaning Up America's Worst Nuclear Waste Dump, Why Russian Hybrid Warfare Failed in Ukraine, Titan II: A History of a Cold War Missile Program, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. It turned out a worker doing routine maintenance on one of the missiles had dropped a nine-pound socket. Visitors to Titan Ranch stay inside the former ICBM facility's launch control center (LCC), located 50 feet underground. Locked into a nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union, the United States developed the Titan II rocket system in the 1960s to be the nation'sfirst missile that could be launched from an underground silo. The Reagan Administration decided to . [2], Kennedy, initially praised as a hero, later received an official letter of reprimand for his first entry into the complex, as it later transpired that he had disregarded an order to stay away. Since it was very hot outside I asked this cadaver of a man, "What's the temperature." Bottom: Damascus after the explosion. King decided to hang around. Why the Air Force Wants a Stealthy Tanker by 2040, Why Runaway Mines Are Detonating in the Black Sea, How This Humble Drone Shrugs Off Russian Jamming. A high-end master bedroom, spacious living room and stainless steel kitchen gives a visitor the feeling of visiting a supervillain's lair more than a military facility engineered for Armageddon. Deactivation of Arkansas' Titan II missile silos began in May 1985 and ended May 5, 1987, with the state's last missile, located near Judsonia, Arkansas, being deactivated. As Jackie waved her hands around my head trying to chase the flies out of the window, cars passing us must have thought she was a woman gone mad who was assaulting the driver. The demon core that killed two scientists, the underground test that didnt stay that way, One man died and more than 20 others were injured. On Sept. 19, 1980, a silo near Damascus, Arkansas, exploded, killing one airman. From Level 2, visitors may climb a spiral staircase to Level 1which previously served as the crew's sleeping quarters and kitchen or descend to Level 3, which housed the communication equipment that kept the facility connected to the larger world. See. It never bounced into the missile.. Over its 25 years in the service, the Titan II series had it share of accidents, two of the most well-known occurring in Arkansas. The AirBnB listing even drew the attention of a couple central Arkansas musicians, who filmed three music videos inside the facility. Titan I missiles were stored in silo lifts and had to be raised to the surface to be fueled before launch. The first launch complex completed was situated near Pangburn northwest of Searcy, going operational on July 31, 1962. This left the powerful nuclear warheads exposed to attack. We drove past these remnants of the cold war toward Brush, Colorado where we intended to stop at a small lake near Brush just off of the highway and have our picnic. Driving up to the ranch, you would never guess that youre headed to an underground missile silo. They dont know where the warhead is, King recalls being told. We met with Nick, one of the current hosts, who led us down the steps into the bunker. While researching what was going to be a book about warfare in space, journalist Eric Schlosser heard the story of the Damascus explosion. The silos cover, made of hundreds of tons of concrete, was half destroyed. The Air Force-owned property houses the only remaining Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile complex left of the 54 that were active during the Cold War. During the next year, the other 18 missile silos in central Arkansas received ICBMs, and Jan. 1, 1964, all silos in Arkansas were active and on alert status. I was living out of state at the time, but the disaster was covered in depth by the national press. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We select one featured photo per week, but we show many more in our gallery. Of course, thats just as true on purpose as it is on accident. Lieutenant General Lloyd R. Leavitt Jr., the Vice Commander of the Strategic Air Command, commanded the effort to save the launch complex. Christ explained that the deaths were not caused by the explosion itself, but by the rapid loss of oxygen. Within a couple hours, there was a crowd of about 25 to 30 journalists and law enforcement personnel gathered just outside the gate. The aerozine 50 fuel immediately began leaking into the launch duct. There do remain some active missile silos, in Montana, North Dakota, and at Warren Air Force Base, which is in both Colorado and Wyoming. Entering the next space, where the computers and control units would have been, you can still see the places on the floor where the desks with the key slots sat when it was an active site. Whiteman Air Force Base (AFB) was headquarters for the 510th Strategic Missile Squadron of the 351st Strategic Missile Wing, consisting of 150 Minuteman II Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) silos and 15 launch control facilities spread over 14 counties of west central Missouri . Matthew Kroenig, a Defense Department adviser during the Trump administration, suggested in a recent Wall Street Journal op-ed that "the Pentagon should . The Damascus missile complex was at the Southside location, indicated by the red star on the map above. Aerial photographs taken Friday morning showed a gaping hole with smoke drifting from it, and debris scattered over hilly pastureland." The Doomsday Clock is at 100 seconds to midnight., The odds of a city being destroyed are probably the highest since World War II, says Schlosser. 7 . We always take Highway 71 South taking us through Kimball, Nebraska and Limon, Colorado coming out at Highway 25 at Trinidad, Colorado. But not before my kids donned their Star Wars Mandalorian costumes for a little photo shoot. "Then there was the water.". Ed's daughter-in-law drove the pickup truck past the missile silo and out toward the cow pasture. The first Titan II missile in Arkansas was installed in a silo near Searcy in 1963. Launch Complex 374-7 was located in Bradley Township, Van Buren County farmland just 3.3 miles (5.3km) NNE of Damascus, and approximately 50 miles (80km) north of Little Rock.[3][4]. The missile silo itself is one of the few remaining atlas f silos that is naturally dry, with many interior levels and crib structure. Today they are still used, although . You don't know who you were killing. Despite the size of the explosion, no one was hurt in the accident: The second-set of recently reinforced blast doors held. If you saw footage from the massive explosion in Beirut this past August, King says, you saw what he saw that morning. "There was metal debris, concrete, all sorts of stuff we had to pull out," he said. A socket like the one that punctured the missiles hull. Just as they sat down on the concrete edge of the access portal, the missile exploded, blowing the 740-ton launch duct closure doors 200 feet into the air and some 600 feet northeast of the launch complex. Accepted file types: jpg, png, Max. These ICBMs were fueled with Aerozine 50, which allowed the fuel to stay in the missile while stored in its silo. The last of the Titan launch sites in Arkansas, located near Quitman in Cleburne County, was demolished on Nov. 19, 1986. Ultimately, the Titan system was declared to be essentially reliable, though minor changes were recommended. Three years later the Pangburn launch site was rocked by an explosion which killed 53 of the 55 contract workers doing maintenance work. "When we designed this, it was designed for couples as a kind-of getaway space," Hill said. [14], In September 2013, Eric Schlosser published a book titled Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety. On the night of September 18, 1980, a Titan II missile carrying a thermonuclear warhead exploded in rural Arkansas. Part of HuffPost Wellness. In 1965, dozens of people died after a fire started in a Titan II silo in Arkansas. A far more deadly disaster struck a Titan launch site near Searcy in White County on Aug. 9, 1965, resulting in the deaths of 53 men. Itll be in a port in a shipping container or something like that.. On May 22, 1958, a crew was servicing Nike missiles at a site in Middletown, N.J. One missile exploded, starting a chain reaction that set off seven others, causing what the Associated Press . The main theory is that when the vent switch was pushed, it sparked the explosion, Devlin says. After getting the last fly out of the car, we hoped, everything went as planned. "Thank you" will n, We were so proud to be awarded New Boston's Busine, Do you have home improvements planned for this spr, Were counting down the days until the Arkansas, Congratulations to Lairie Kincaid on his well-dese, SAU Trap Team Takes Top Prize at 3rd Annual South Arkansas Outdoor Social, Farmers Bank & Trust Announces NCAA Name, Image, Likeness Student-Athletes, Farmers Bank Foundation Grants $125,000 to the Hope Public Schools, Farmers Bank & Trust to Acquire Community First Trust Company, Farmers Bank & Trust Opens New Full-Service Branch in Bryant, AR, Farmers Bank & Trust Opens New Full-Service Branch in Paris, TX, AR Governor appoints Chris Gosnell to Arkansas Economic Development Council, Prescott Donation to Benefit Families in Need, Shark Teeth in the Sulphur River? The entire motel was quite ramshackled and we entered number 20 with trepidation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Only in Arkansas. However, the missile sites represented only 3 percent of the cooperative's annual sales of $26 million, according to a . What Happens When a Giant Nuclear Missile Accidentally Falls Back Into Its Silo. Fueled and ready to go 24 hours a day, Titan IIs could be ready to go at a moment's notice. Titan Ranch began hosting conferences and meetings in 2019, and added its AirBnB listing in November 2020. Take the time to ask questions and hear the stories. As my stepdaughter Sarah, a rodeo girl, used to say about the distance between Rapid City and Faith, South Dakota when asked the distance, "About as far as you can drive and 20 miles more." However, a new threat arose from the growing heat inside the silo. The incident began with a fuel leak at 6:30 p.m. on September 18, and culminated with the explosion at around 3:00 a.m. on September 19, ejecting the warhead from its silo. Many of these locations hold warheads awaiting dismantlement. Titan Ranch has a little gift shop with some fun coffee mugs and t-shirts and I bought my kids t-shirts. We didnt want to leave, but I understand why they wanted us to leave.. Pen & Quin: International Agents of Intrigue - The Mystery of the Painted Book is her debut novel. Missile nosecones from Titan IIs in Arkansas are dismantled. We backed out of the room quickly and asked for another room. The second fuel tank, sitting just above the first, contained a different fuel that could spontaneously ignite if a collapse occurred and it came into contact with the aerozine 50 already in the launch duct. [11], The launch complex was never repaired. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. In 1978, six months after the trailer leak in Arkansas, two airmen died after a leak in Kansas. From 1963 to 1987, crews maintained the missiles on 24-hour alert and were ready to initiate launch within minutes after receipt of authenticated orders from the National Command Authorities. As if they didn't have enough to worry about. The first thing that makes this particular route interesting is the still active missile silos that dot the highway from Kimball to the Colorado border. "It's all illuminated. At about 3 a.m., the two men returned to the surface to await further instructions. The incident occurred on September 18-19, 1980, at Missile Complex 374-7 in rural Arkansas when a U.S. Air Force LGM-25C Titan II ICBM loaded with a 9-megaton W-53 nuclear warhead experienced a liquid fuel explosion . The silo which housed the Gemini missile is sealed off and still remains destroyed. He started the radio station after his previous employer, Dogpatch, a Li'l Abner theme park, went belly-up. The explosion blew the silo blast doors off and sent chunks of debris flying everywhere, including the nine-megaton nuclear warhead that sat atop the missile. "This was a half-a-million project, and I didn't have half-a-million," Hill said. Fortunately, the situation stabilized and the grim task of removing the bodies began. In the silo, they have a close-up view of the missile from less than ten feet away. A look inside Level 3 of the Titan Ranch in Vilonia, featuring the facility's emergency escape tunnel and ladder. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. The missile survived the fires and was not damaged. Many people played a part in creating Arkansas as we know it today. Warren Air Force Base oversees ICBM fields that cover parts of Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado. Janet Choate: An Everyday Hero of Small-Town U.S.A. Many of the dead were found crowded around an escape ladder. All rights reserved. King was part owner of KGFL-AM in Clinton, Arkansas. You know you're definitely in someplace different, but we wanted to make it nice enough that you didn't think you were in a silo.". This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. The police facilitating the movement of the population in Little Rock following the explosion at Damascus. They were Titan II missile silos that housed nuclear weapons on a Gemini rocket, designed to be launched into space in under one minute. Though these missiles were judged essential to the protection of the United States, storing and maintaining them proved deadly. A projector turns the far wall into a giant screen for movies or events, and a raised platform creates a bar area and kitchen space overlooking the floor along the other wall. It was dank and smelled of fresh vomit. The next morning, my kids enjoyed the donuts Id brought for them and another movie on the projector. (February 2011) Air-to-air missiles. Today, the area is home to one of the most mind-blowing destinations in the state. Nuclear weapons are just ideal for that., The next nuclear bomb to go off will not be delivered by a missile. Should the missile need to be fired in anger, launch instructions would indicate that either Target 1, Target 2, or Target 3 was in the crosshairs; the men firing the ICBMs never knew what the targets actually were. The missile was more than 100 feet in length and 10 feet wide.
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